Fundamentals of Digital Communications Systems
Over the last ten years, the more important communications and broadcasting systems and many other systems were converted into analog to digital. The example of a digital system that we use every day, includes mobile phones, television, radio, and of course Internet. CDs and MP3s replace records and tapes, and the number of digital cameras sold this year was more than the number of cameras per three. In this chapter, you will see some of the basic building blocks that all of these work on the digital system.
This chapter has to provide a background to content that later studies the digital communication exam and measurement techniques when described in later chapter. We start with the discussion of a basic digital communication link, cover the most commonly used watch archives, discuss line coding methods, and special techniques for high-speed serial transmission systems. Will end with
The most important aspect of any digital communication system is the necessary transmission speed. Just how much data is needed, and how fast? Miscellaneous is too large, even within a single system: A common CC keyboard interface, for example, runs several kilobs per second, which is still faster than any type of fate. However, the fastest interface available for the graphics adapter is not nearly fast for the latest games, even 40 Gbit / s (which is the bandwidth collected by the PCIe X16 link, the current standard for the graphics adapter).
Secondly, equally important aspect link is the distance. How far are senders and receivers away? Again, there is a big change: The main processor of a computer is usually less than 10 cm at that distance that talks with its basic memory. But when you type URLs in a web browser, you talk to a server that is likely to be on different continents.
Usually, digital transmission becomes difficult when transmission speed and link distance increase. Digital communication is a measurement bandwidth-distance product to work in touch. For example, an old telegraph transit 100 bit / s at the maximum distance of 20 kilometers. Voyager transmits the data from the spacecraft to a bit faster than 160 bits / s, but at an incredible distance of 14.821 billion kilometers. The huge bandwidth distance of the spacecraft link can be obtained only with incredible effort.
Each digital link contains three components: a sender, a transport source, and the receiver. Usually, the medium has been first defined, according to the desired link bandwidth, the distance between the transmitter and receiver, and the economic concerns. Electrical links are still the most common type; they come in a different nature, in which the print circuit board marks on a motherboard from the band wires within an integrated circuit package, with ethernet cables attached to the office computers. Up to Fiber optic cables are used for network bandwidth connections in a network and storage environment, but it seems that future "fiber home" can be replaced by refrigeration.
This chapter has to provide a background to content that later studies the digital communication exam and measurement techniques when described in later chapter. We start with the discussion of a basic digital communication link, cover the most commonly used watch archives, discuss line coding methods, and special techniques for high-speed serial transmission systems. Will end with
1.1 Introduction
The most important aspect of any digital communication system is the necessary transmission speed. Just how much data is needed, and how fast? Miscellaneous is too large, even within a single system: A common CC keyboard interface, for example, runs several kilobs per second, which is still faster than any type of fate. However, the fastest interface available for the graphics adapter is not nearly fast for the latest games, even 40 Gbit / s (which is the bandwidth collected by the PCIe X16 link, the current standard for the graphics adapter).
Secondly, equally important aspect link is the distance. How far are senders and receivers away? Again, there is a big change: The main processor of a computer is usually less than 10 cm at that distance that talks with its basic memory. But when you type URLs in a web browser, you talk to a server that is likely to be on different continents.
Usually, digital transmission becomes difficult when transmission speed and link distance increase. Digital communication is a measurement bandwidth-distance product to work in touch. For example, an old telegraph transit 100 bit / s at the maximum distance of 20 kilometers. Voyager transmits the data from the spacecraft to a bit faster than 160 bits / s, but at an incredible distance of 14.821 billion kilometers. The huge bandwidth distance of the spacecraft link can be obtained only with incredible effort.
Each digital link contains three components: a sender, a transport source, and the receiver. Usually, the medium has been first defined, according to the desired link bandwidth, the distance between the transmitter and receiver, and the economic concerns. Electrical links are still the most common type; they come in a different nature, in which the print circuit board marks on a motherboard from the band wires within an integrated circuit package, with ethernet cables attached to the office computers. Up to Fiber optic cables are used for network bandwidth connections in a network and storage environment, but it seems that future "fiber home" can be replaced by refrigeration.
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